Gas and Ecology. Environmental Contamination
Gaseous and liquid substances, specifically non-methane volatile organic compounds, methane, nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur compounds represent the major part of emissions (» 95%) by stationary contamination sources (gas compressor units, tank batteries, boiler-houses, etc.)
Based on analysis of pollutant emissions in process of gas transmission it has been established that their volumes per 1 bcm of transported gas will be growing with every year at the average rate of 60 tons. This will be the case if no specific measures are taken as regards upgrading and timely repair of process equipment and introduction of state-of-the-art technologies. With gas transmission volumes in 2005 being at 228.3 bcm emissions totaled 172,200 tons. Calculations based on consolidated figures show that with gas transmission volumes remaining at the same level, emissions may grow up to 193,200 tons in 2010.
Oil and drilling sludge, spent fuel and lubricating materials, household and construction waste, used accumulators, motor tires, and daylight lamps are the most common waste produced by NJSC Naftogaz of Ukraine enterprises.
Enhanced production (increase in production of primary resources, gas transit growth, putting into operation of new facilities) can put more technogenic pressure on the environment. To abate this pressure it is necessary to:
- to carry out timely repair and replacement of equipment;
- to introduce state-of-the-art technologies;
- to convert road transport to alternative fuels;
- to develop and introduce waste processing technologies and equipment;
- to use dewatered oil and gas wells for waste water burial, etc.
Annual expenditures of NJSC Naftogaz of Ukraine enterprises associated with implementation of environmental measures (protection of atmospheric air, land, water resources, subsurface, waste management) average at over UAH 70 million.
